Sound ranging stations :
Basic equipment setup
A scientific method of sound ranging system requires the following equipment.
- An array of 4 to 6 microphones extending several kilometres
- A system capable of measuring the sound wave arrival time differences between the microphones.
- A means of analyzing the time differences to compute the position of the sound source.
The basic method is to use microphones in pairs and measure the difference in the time of arrival of a sound wave at each microphone in the pair (inner microphones are members of two pairs). From this a bearing to the origin of the sound can be found from the point mid-way between the two microphones. The intersection of at least three bearings will be the location of the sound source.
Figure 1 illustrates the basic system.


Illustration of the Sound Ranging Operation
Some systems may not allow arbitrary placement of the microphones. For example, they may require the microphones to be placed on a straight line.
[1] These constraints would be imposed to simplify the calculation of the artillery position and are not a characteristic of the general approach.
The microphones also may be designed to pick up only the sound of the gun firing. There are three types of sounds that can be picked up by the microphone.
- the gun firing (the desired signal)
- the sound of the shell moving through the air
- the impact of the shell
During
World War I it was discovered that the gun firing makes a low rumbling sound that is best picked up with a microphone that is sensitive to low frequencies and rejects high frequencies.
[2
Some called it the Tucker Sound ranging stations....
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